Wallace Barton
Douglas (September 21, 1852 – December
9, 1930) was a lawyer, jurist, and politician.
Wallace Barton
Douglas was born at Leyden, New York, September 21, 1852. His parents
were Asahel M. and Alma E. (Miller) Douglas. The former was of Scots
and the latter of Holland descent. The father was descended from the
Clan Doug1as in Scotland, his direct ancestors, Sir William Douglas and
wife, who was a Miss Ringstad(1), having migrated from Scotland to New
England in 1640. One at least of their descendents served in the
Continental Army of the Revolutionary War. Another scion of the family
was the well known Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois.
There were
three children in the Asahel Douglas family. Cordelia who died in
childhood, Wallace Barton and his twin brother, William A. who died
several years ago. The family removed from New York to Momence, Illinois
in 1886. The father died there three years later; the mother lived for
many years thereafter.
Wallace was educated the common schools of
New York and Illinois. As a youth he worked as assistant agent of the
Railroad Company at Momence. He then attended the Cazenovia Seminary in
New York. Returning to his home he obtained employment for another year
at the local bank and with the money so earned he entered the law
department of the University of Michigan and was graduated therefrom in
1875. He was admitted to the bar and began to practice law in Chicago
the same year.
In 1883 he removed to Minnesota and settled at
Moorhead where he continued the practice of his profession. He served
there as City Attorney of Moorhead, member of the Board of Education and
County Attorney of Clay County. He was elected to the House of
Representatives of Minnesota and served in the legislatures of 1895 and
1897. He was elected to the office of Attorney General of Minnesota in
the fall of 1898 and was reelected in 1900 and 1902. He resigned this
position March 31, 1904 and on the same day was appointed Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court by Governor Van Sant and served in that
capacity until January 1, 1905. He then retired to private life and
practiced his profession in St. Paul. Judge Douglas was married May 19,
1881, to Miss Ella M. Smith of Illinois and. of the children born to
them two are still surviving, Harold B. Douglas of Seattle, Washington
and Lila M. Douglas (Towsley) of Colorado, Texas.
The public
career of Judge Douglas was a distinguished one. His life is an open
book, clean, upright and free from the breath of scandal. His honor and
integrity has always remained unquestioned. He was fearless and devoted
to the duties of his position. There came before him in his capacity as
Attorney General many important questions of public policy, and in
dealing with them he did not shrink from taking the stand that he
considered for the best interest of the State although he knew that he
thereby might incur the determined opposition of a large and powerful
group of people who would be interested in forcing him into retirement.
No question of policy or personal popularity ever caused him to make a
compromise with what he considered an evil to the State.
As a
lawyer he reached the goal of his ambition when he became a member of
the Supreme Court. His long and varied experience at the bar and in
public life, his mental equipment, his broad knowledge of the law, and
his preeminent love of justice and fair play marked out his course for a
long and useful career in that Court; but that opportunity for useful
service was prevented by a political upheaval, and he was retired at the
end of the year.
The work done by him however in that period was
of a high order. The opinions written by him are models of judicial
literature—terse, clear, comprehensive and full of promise of what the
author might do in the future.
His private practice covered a
large field. Business men and. those needing legal assistance, hastened
to avail themselves of his service, and he maintained until his death
the high standards of practice with which he had begun his work. He was
fair and just to his clients, the public and the Court, whose respect
and confidence he held in a large measure. He was a tower of strength to
those whom he represented.
As an illustration of the lasting
impression which he made it might be mentioned that some of the clients
whom he counseled in Chicago more than 40 years before still sought his
services in St. Paul until the end of his career. Also his former
clients in the vicinity of Moorhead frequently came to him in St. Paul.
His family and home life was beautiful. He was simple in his tastes
and habits, sociable and friendly by nature; blessed with a life
companion of rare charm and character.
Judge Douglas was an
ardent lover of nature and of the great out-of- doors. He served for 20
years as a member of the State Forestry board and it was largely through
his personal efforts that the beauty spot now known as Itasca Park
escaped the Woodman’s axe and was set apart and preserved for this and
future generations. One of the principal buildings in that park has been
named Douglas Lodge in his honor. He was one of the first and strongest
advocate of laws to protect the wild life of the State and assisted in
drafting the first statute for its protection.
On January 30,
1931, the House of Representatives of Minnesota adopted a resolution of
condolence upon his death in which his career was summarized as follows:
“The people of Minnesota called him to many positions of great
importance, all of which he filled with singular ability and
distinction. In his intercourse with his fellow men he was always kind
and. friendly and tolerant of the opinions of others. He loved Minnesota
and its institutions and contributed largely of his genius and 1earning
for their advancement. His personal charm and kind friendship will long
be cherished by those who enjoyed the pleasure of his acquaintance.”
On February 7th, 1931, at a memorial service held for him in the
Supreme Court Mr. Justice Royal Stone speaking for the Court said:
“By a lifetime of professional and public service, most of it spent in
Minnesota Judge Douglas well earned the tribute you pay him this day.
You did not overrate his character when you say concerning him that
nothing need he suppressed or withheld * * *. He was fearless and
devoted to tile duties put upon him by any position held in public or
private life. Truly he was a living epistle, the reading of which by all
men need never to have been feared by its author.
His
professional accomplishments, great, when he became Attorney General,
wore of course enlarged and. embellished by his years of strenuous
service in that office. His experience there rounded out and so
completed his professional equipment that when be became a member of the
Supreme Court he brought with him unusual qualifications for the place.
If anybody is disposed to question that the unfortunate feature of
his service on this bench, was its brevity, let him spend even a short
time in a studious examination of the opinions of Judge Douglas. He will
be struck first by the admirable manner in which they achieve
comprehensiveness of consideration with brevity of treatment. He did not
resort to that elaboration either of facts or law which so easily become
tedious supererogation. But on the other hand, he did not scant either
the facts or law of the case. There was always the most careful
consideration not only of the result but also of the manner in which it
was reached. He was careful not only to cite the authorities but also to
assign the reason for the rule announced. One needs read but a few of
his opinions in order to come to the conclusion that in each case the
writer had a very clear notion not only of what he was deciding but why.
Complying with the traditional rules of this Court he of course prepared
his own syllabi. They are models of brevity and yet comprehensive
indicia of the bases of decision. This is a result frequently difficult
of achievement but so far as possible Judge Douglas did it in each case.
To an unusual degree the headnotes of his decision are accurate and
complete digests of the opinions.”
On the 9th of December, l93O,
at Ferndale, Washington, where he had gone to recuperate his health in
the fullness of years with his faculties unimpaired, he answered the
final summons. With Masonic rites he was consigned to the tomb in the
City of Moorhead the scene of his early struggles and victories, where
he received the sorrowing tribute of a great concourse of people. As we
trace his footsteps we marvel that so much could have been accomplished
in a single lifetime.
Douglas Lodge in Itasca State Park was named after him.
Notes:
1. His ancestors were probably not 'Sir
William Douglas and wife, who was a Miss Ringstad'. They are more likely
Deacon William Douglas, born 1610, and his wife Ann Mattle, daughter of
Thomas Mattle of Ringstead, England.
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