Notes |
- BET 1256 AND 1257 Captures Alamut. Destroys 400 Assassins sent to killhim.
BET 1257 AND 1258 Captures Baghdad. End of the Abbasid Caliphate.
1260 Captures and Sacks Aleppo, Damascus surrenders. End of the AyyubidDynasty.
From
Family Tree - Newell, Stanley, Dryak, Guyon, Rogers, Ely, Lewis
http://awt.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=lorenfamily&id=I27369
Contact: J. K. Loren
"in 1258 the Mongol army under another of Chingis Khan's grandson's,H?leg? (*), had stormed Baghdad, bringing down the Abbasid Caliphateafter its reign of some 500 years. Two years later, in October 1260, oneof H?leg?'s armies met defeat in Galilee at Ayn "
From http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/lectures/wulec4a.html
Wednesday University Lecture 4
2002 Daniel C. Waugh
The Mongols, II: The World of Marco Polo and His Heirs
"Chingiz Khan died in 1227, but his successors continued his policiestowards China and the West, taking in Russia in 1236-41 and SaljuqAnatolia in 1243; on 1 January 1256, H?leg? Khan crossed the Oxus at thehead of 129,000 soldiers and occupied the plateau of northern Persianwithout resistance. The Mongols were not Muslims, and were only nominallyBuddhist, but their policies of religious intolerance were only mollifiedby the patronage of H?leg??s wife towards Nestorians, and of the scholarNasir al-Din Tusi (d.1274), the ruler?s advisor and astronomer, towardsShi?is; the Sunnis who had flourished under the Saljuqs now foundthemselves persecuted.
However, H?leg? went back to Central Asia at end of 1259 to elect a newGreat Khan on the death of his brother, and the Mamluks in Egypt tookthis opportunity to hit back. Theirs was the only army capable of meetingthe Mongols on equal terms, since both armies were essentially composedof Turks and Caucasians, and used the same fighting methods. In September1260, the Mongols were defeated for the first time, at ?Ayn Jalut, northof Jerusalem, and thereafter they withdrew from Syria. Mamluk Egypt thusbecame the new centre of refuge for Muslims, especially Sunnis, escapingreligious persecution.
H?leg? died in 1265, and was succeeded in Persia by the Il-Khans (="viceroys") though struggles for power lasted until 1295, when Ghazan(aged 24) came to power, and under the guidance of his physician Rashidal-Din, he converted to Sunni Islam in an effort to bring peace.
From http://islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/Kashan2/history.htm
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