The Douglas Archives Genealogy Pages

Discovering our Douglas Ancestors and their Relatives

Home Search Login  
Share Print Bookmark

Joseph Henry Champion

Male 1861 - 1942  (80 years)


Generations:      Standard    |    Compact    |    Vertical    |    Text    |    Register    |    Tables    |    PDF

More detail
Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Joseph Henry Champion was born on 17 Nov 1861 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 22 Jul 1942 in Victoria, Australia; was buried in Karrakatta, Wesleyan Section Ea 537, Western Australia.

    Joseph married Annie Matilda Callow on 9 Jan 1886 in Victoria (574/1886) Matilda, Annie. Annie (daughter of Joseph Callow and Esther Davis) was born on 14 Jan 1862 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 9 Aug 1928 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; was buried in Karrakatta, Western Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 2. Irene Hilda Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 18 Dec 1886 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 22 Jul 1984 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; was buried in Karrakatta, Western Australia.
    2. 3. Eva Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 6 Jun 1889 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 8 Jun 1889 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
    3. 4. Stanley Joseph Callow Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 8 Aug 1890 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 25 Jul 1916 in Pozieres Battlefield, France; was buried in Memorial Plaque 65, 26 Villers-Bretonneux Cwg.
    4. 5. "Roy" Clarence Roy Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 1 Aug 1892 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 11 Jan 1945 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia.
    5. 6. Eunice Doris Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 31 Jul 1894 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 17 Jul 1979 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia.
    6. 7. "Horton" Cecil Horton Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 10 Jan 1897 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 20 Mar 1984 in ? Perth W.A..
    7. 8. Wilfred Gordon Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 1 May 1902 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 29 Apr 1947 in Victoria Park, Western Australia, Australia.

    Joseph married Alice Groucott in 1930 ? in Victoria, Australia. Alice and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]



Generation: 2

  1. 2.  Irene Hilda Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 18 Dec 1886 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 22 Jul 1984 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; was buried in Karrakatta, Western Australia.

    Irene married Thomas Edgar Douglas on 2 Jun 1915 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. Thomas (son of William Douglas and Emma Matilda Barratt) was born on 10 Sep 1887 in Albany, Western Australia, Australia; died on 21 Feb 1971 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 9. Dorothy Hilda Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 7 Mar 1917 in Albany, Western Australia, Australia; died on 13 Jun 1959 in Lower Swan, W.A..
    2. 10. Clifford Stanley Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 11. Elvie Annie Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point

  2. 3.  Eva Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 6 Jun 1889 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 8 Jun 1889 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.

  3. 4.  Stanley Joseph Callow Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 8 Aug 1890 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 25 Jul 1916 in Pozieres Battlefield, France; was buried in Memorial Plaque 65, 26 Villers-Bretonneux Cwg.

  4. 5.  "Roy" Clarence Roy Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 1 Aug 1892 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 11 Jan 1945 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia.

    "Roy" married Hope RayArmadale, Western Australia, Australia. Hope was born on 4 Jun 1895 in Jarrahdale, Western Australia, Australia; died on 8 Dec 1987 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 12. Kenneth Roy Champion  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 13. Olga Hope Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

    "Roy" married Hope Ray on Jul 1915 ? in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. Hope was born on 4 Jun 1895 in Jarrahdale W.A.; died on 8 Dec 1987 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 14. Kenneth Roy Champion  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 13. Olga Hope Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

  5. 6.  Eunice Doris Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 31 Jul 1894 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 17 Jul 1979 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia.

    Eunice married Neil Stanley Butcher on 27 Feb 1918. Neil (son of William Butcher and Hannah Unknown) was born on Apr 1889 ? in Wungong, Western Australia, Australia; died on 21 Nov 1924 in Victoria, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 15. Stanley Butcher  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 3 Oct 1920 in Shackleton, Western Australia, Australia; died on 16 Mar 1955 in York, Western Australia, Australia.

    Eunice married Percy Melville Douglas on 24 Dec 1931 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. Percy (son of William Douglas and Emma Matilda Barratt) was born on 10 Apr 1890 in Albany, Western Australia, Australia; died on 20 Apr 1947 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  6. 7.  "Horton" Cecil Horton Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 10 Jan 1897 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 20 Mar 1984 in ? Perth W.A..

    "Horton" married Doris Alma Ward on 22 Dec 1941 in Western Australia, Australia. Doris was born on 21 Sep 1904 in Queens Park, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 16. Bonnie Gwendoline Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

    "Horton" married Doris Alma Ward on 22 Dec 1941 in W.A.. Doris was born on 21 Sep 1904 in Perth WA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 17. Bonnie Gwendoline Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

  7. 8.  Wilfred Gordon Champion Descendancy chart to this point (1.Joseph1) was born on 1 May 1902 in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; died on 29 Apr 1947 in Victoria Park, Western Australia, Australia.

    Wilfred married Gwendoline Mary Ward on 12 Apr 1933. Gwendoline was born on 2 Sep 1910 in Kidderminster, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 18. Delys June Champion  Descendancy chart to this point


Generation: 3

  1. 9.  Dorothy Hilda Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born on 7 Mar 1917 in Albany, Western Australia, Australia; died on 13 Jun 1959 in Lower Swan, W.A..

    Dorothy married Roy Alva Stirling on 25 Apr 1940 in Congregational Church Armadale W.A.. Roy was born on 22 May 1913 in Boulder, Western Australia, Australia; died on 5 Jul 1977 in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 19. Murray Ronald Stirling  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 20. Shirley Rae Stirling  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 21. Shirley Rae Stirling  Descendancy chart to this point

  2. 10.  Clifford Stanley Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1)

    Clifford married "Dixie" Dorothy May Dixon [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 22. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    2. 23. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    3. 24. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    4. 25. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.

    Clifford married Valerie Clairette Collard [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  3. 11.  Elvie Annie Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1)

    Elvie married Donald George Martin [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 26. Private  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 27. Wayne Ashley Martin  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 11 Jun 1951 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; died on 30 Sep 2007 in At Home - Huntingdale WA.
    3. 28. Wayne Ashley Martin  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 11 Jun 1951 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; died on 30 Sep 2007 in Huntingdale Western Australia.

    Elvie married Willem Anton Breebaart [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  4. 12.  Kenneth Roy Champion Descendancy chart to this point (5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Kenneth married Claire Fowler [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 29. Kenneth Ross Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 2 Jan 1946 in MT Lawley W.A.; died on 29 Jun 2005 in Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.
    2. 30. Glen William Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

  5. 13.  Olga Hope Champion Descendancy chart to this point (5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Olga married Gordon Charles Page [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 31. Colin Charles Page  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 32. Elva Lorraine Page  Descendancy chart to this point

  6. 14.  Kenneth Roy Champion Descendancy chart to this point (5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Kenneth married Claire Fowler [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 33. Kenneth Ross Champion  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 2 Jan 1946 in MT Lawley W.A.; died on 29 Jun 2005 in Dunsborough WA.
    2. 34. Glen William Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

  7. 15.  Stanley Butcher Descendancy chart to this point (6.Eunice2, 1.Joseph1) was born on 3 Oct 1920 in Shackleton, Western Australia, Australia; died on 16 Mar 1955 in York, Western Australia, Australia.

    Stanley married Patricia White [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 35. Neil Mervyn Butcher  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 36. Nita Christine Butcher  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 37. Bruce Stanley Butcher  Descendancy chart to this point

  8. 16.  Bonnie Gwendoline Champion Descendancy chart to this point (7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Bonnie married Kenneth James Barr [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 38. Christina Marie Barr  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 39. Leanne Jane Barr  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 40. Cameron Horton Barr  Descendancy chart to this point

  9. 17.  Bonnie Gwendoline Champion Descendancy chart to this point (7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Bonnie married Kenneth James Barr [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 41. Christina Marie Barr  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 42. Leanne Jane Barr  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 43. Cameron Horton Barr  Descendancy chart to this point

  10. 18.  Delys June Champion Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wilfred2, 1.Joseph1)

    Delys married John David Cumming [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 44. Annette Cumming  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 45. Ian Walter Cumming  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 46. Lynda Cumming  Descendancy chart to this point
    4. 47. Craig Donald Cumming  Descendancy chart to this point


Generation: 4

  1. 19.  Murray Ronald Stirling Descendancy chart to this point (9.Dorothy3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1)

    Murray married Yvonne Campbell Thomas [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 48. Paul Anthony Stirling  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 49. Shane Allan Stirling  Descendancy chart to this point

    Murray married Jan Willis [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  2. 20.  Shirley Rae Stirling Descendancy chart to this point (9.Dorothy3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1)

    Shirley married James Christopher Smith [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 50. Kingsley Stirling Smith  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 51. Jamie Cameron Smith  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 52. Preston Wayne Smith  Descendancy chart to this point

  3. 21.  Shirley Rae Stirling Descendancy chart to this point (9.Dorothy3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1)

    Shirley married James Christopher Smith [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 53. Kingsley Stirling Smith  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 54. Jamie Cameron Smith  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 55. Preston Wayne Smith  Descendancy chart to this point

  4. 22.  Details Suppressed Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (10.Clifford3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born in Australia.

    Details married Details Suppressed on 27 May 1976 in Cannington WA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Details married Jennifer Mary Earl [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  5. 23.  Details Suppressed Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (10.Clifford3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born in Australia.

    Details married Details Suppressed on 12 Jul 1969 in Gosnells, Western Australia, Australia. Details was born in Australia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 56. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    2. 57. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.

  6. 24.  Details Suppressed Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (10.Clifford3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born in Australia.

    Details married Details Suppressed on 29 May 1971 in Fremantle W.A.. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 58. Details Suppressed  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    2. 59. Details Suppressed  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.

  7. 25.  Details Suppressed Douglas Descendancy chart to this point (10.Clifford3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born in Australia.

    Details married Details Suppressed on 2 Mar 1974 in St Marks, Bunbury W.A.. Details (daughter of "Bill" Charles Willie Adamson and Brenda Millward) was born in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 60. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    2. 61. Details Suppressed Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point was born in Australia.
    3. 62. Jeremy Robert Douglas  Descendancy chart to this point

  8. 26.  Private Descendancy chart to this point (11.Elvie3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1)

    Family/Spouse: Private. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 63. Private  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 64. Lachlan Elliot O'connor  Descendancy chart to this point

  9. 27.  Wayne Ashley Martin Descendancy chart to this point (11.Elvie3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born on 11 Jun 1951 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; died on 30 Sep 2007 in At Home - Huntingdale WA.

    Wayne married Lynda Dorothy Long [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 65. Shannon Lee Martin  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 66. Tracy Lyn Martin  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 67. Breeanna Leonie Martin  Descendancy chart to this point
    4. 68. Kristian Lindsay Martin  Descendancy chart to this point

  10. 28.  Wayne Ashley Martin Descendancy chart to this point (11.Elvie3, 2.Irene2, 1.Joseph1) was born on 11 Jun 1951 in Armadale, Western Australia, Australia; died on 30 Sep 2007 in Huntingdale Western Australia.

    Wayne married Lynda Dorothy Long [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 69. Shannon Lee Martin  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 70. Tracy Lyn Martin  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 71. Breeanna Leonie Martin  Descendancy chart to this point
    4. 68. Kristian Lindsay Martin  Descendancy chart to this point

  11. 29.  Kenneth Ross Champion Descendancy chart to this point (12.Kenneth3, 5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1) was born on 2 Jan 1946 in MT Lawley W.A.; died on 29 Jun 2005 in Dunsborough, Western Australia, Australia.

    Kenneth married Elaine Barbara Mitchell [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 72. Michelle Leanne Champion  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 73. Kylie Cherie Champion  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 74. Michael Ross Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

  12. 30.  Glen William Champion Descendancy chart to this point (12.Kenneth3, 5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Family/Spouse: Rae Bassett. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Family/Spouse: Yvonne Marshall. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  13. 31.  Colin Charles Page Descendancy chart to this point (13.Olga3, 5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Colin married Kerrie Veronica Tobin [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 75. Patrick Michael Page  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 76. Christopher Gerard Page  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 77. Stephen Charles Page  Descendancy chart to this point
    4. 78. Anthony John Page  Descendancy chart to this point
    5. 79. Ann-Maree Catherine Page  Descendancy chart to this point

  14. 32.  Elva Lorraine Page Descendancy chart to this point (13.Olga3, 5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Elva married David Ross Turner [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 80. Bradley David Turner  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 81. Keryn Jane Turner  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 82. Nicole Louise Turner  Descendancy chart to this point

  15. 33.  Kenneth Ross Champion Descendancy chart to this point (14.Kenneth3, 5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1) was born on 2 Jan 1946 in MT Lawley W.A.; died on 29 Jun 2005 in Dunsborough WA.

    Kenneth married Elaine Barbara Mitchell [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 83. Michelle Leanne Champion  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 84. Kylie Cherie Champion  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 85. Michael Ross Champion  Descendancy chart to this point

  16. 34.  Glen William Champion Descendancy chart to this point (14.Kenneth3, 5."Roy"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Glen married Rae Bassett [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Glen married Yvonne Marshall [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  17. 35.  Neil Mervyn Butcher Descendancy chart to this point (15.Stanley3, 6.Eunice2, 1.Joseph1)

    Neil married Belinda Jane Cullen [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 86. Aaron Stanley Butcher  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 87. Lee Butcher  Descendancy chart to this point

  18. 36.  Nita Christine Butcher Descendancy chart to this point (15.Stanley3, 6.Eunice2, 1.Joseph1)

    Nita married Terrence Andrew Johnson [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 88. Kathryn Michelle (Kate) Johnson, Johnson  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 89. Bradley Andrew Johnson  Descendancy chart to this point
    3. 90. Timothy Graham Johnson  Descendancy chart to this point

  19. 37.  Bruce Stanley Butcher Descendancy chart to this point (15.Stanley3, 6.Eunice2, 1.Joseph1)

    Bruce married Elisabeth Johanna "Elly" Lucacevich [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  20. 38.  Christina Marie Barr Descendancy chart to this point (16.Bonnie3, 7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Christina married Ian James Schipp [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 91. Caitlin Teneille Schipp  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 92. Lauren Keeley Schipp  Descendancy chart to this point

  21. 39.  Leanne Jane Barr Descendancy chart to this point (16.Bonnie3, 7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Leanne married Murray Thomas Bowyer [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 93. James Kenneth Bowyer  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 94. Catherine Bonnie Bowyer  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 11 Jan 1999 in Greenmount, Western Australia, Australia; died on 11 Jan 1999 in Greenmount, Western Australia, Australia.
    3. 95. Georgia Lee Bowyer  Descendancy chart to this point

  22. 40.  Cameron Horton Barr Descendancy chart to this point (16.Bonnie3, 7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Cameron married Corriena Nicole Stevens [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 96. Callum Leslie Barr  Descendancy chart to this point

  23. 41.  Christina Marie Barr Descendancy chart to this point (17.Bonnie3, 7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Christina married Ian James Schipp [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 97. Caitlin Teneille Schipp  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 98. Lauren Keeley Schipp  Descendancy chart to this point

  24. 42.  Leanne Jane Barr Descendancy chart to this point (17.Bonnie3, 7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Leanne married Murray Thomas Bowyer [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 99. James Kenneth Bowyer  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 100. Catherine Bonnie Bowyer  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 11 Jan 1999 in Greenmount WA; died on 11 Jan 1999 in Greenmount WA.
    3. 101. Georgia Lee Bowyer  Descendancy chart to this point

  25. 43.  Cameron Horton Barr Descendancy chart to this point (17.Bonnie3, 7."Horton"2, 1.Joseph1)

    Cameron married Corriena Nicole Stevens [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 102. Callum Leslie Barr  Descendancy chart to this point

  26. 44.  Annette Cumming Descendancy chart to this point (18.Delys3, 8.Wilfred2, 1.Joseph1)

    Annette married Leslie Colin Bumbak [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 103. Andrew Bumbak  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 104. Timothy Warrick Bumbak  Descendancy chart to this point

  27. 45.  Ian Walter Cumming Descendancy chart to this point (18.Delys3, 8.Wilfred2, 1.Joseph1)

    Ian married Chui Oh [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 105. David Cumming  Descendancy chart to this point

  28. 46.  Lynda Cumming Descendancy chart to this point (18.Delys3, 8.Wilfred2, 1.Joseph1)

  29. 47.  Craig Donald Cumming Descendancy chart to this point (18.Delys3, 8.Wilfred2, 1.Joseph1)



This site powered by The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding v. 14.0.4, written by Darrin Lythgoe © 2001-2024.

Maintained by William Douglas. | Data Protection Policy.