Notes:

It is believed that Peter & Clara's parents were from the PennsylvaniaLutheran Tohickon Union Church in the early 1700's founding of thecongregation there, that they moved to Augusta County, Virginia, andto Tennessee. It's also believed that perhaps Peter's parents livedin Tennessee for a while in one of the German communities there,because Peter is born in Tennesse, but marries Clara in Virginia. Orperhaps, Peter's father visited Tennessee for awhile. It's quitepossible that the family still had ties to the community of theScotch-Irish in Augusta County, Virginia. In early Augusta County, iswhere Ludwick Fulmer/Folmer and John Walter's, Michael Walter'sfamilies are found. For whatever reason, it would seem that Peter &Clara Fulmer Walter settled in Washington County, Tennessee. Thereference to Peter Walter's parents being English as listed below, maybe that they "spoke" English well. Perhaps they had already been inAmerica a generation longer than Clara's parents. Rationally, itmakes sense, but I caution the reader that a great deal more researchneeds to be done. The records are very sketchy or non-existant inTennessee during the early years of it's formation, so this scenerioof the family is only a plausable guess at best.

SOURCE:http://www.rootsweb.com/~tnwashin/goodspeed/goodspd4.htm#WALTER;GOODSPEED'S HISTORY OF TENNESSEE; WASHINGTON COUNTY; BIOGRAPHIES; PAGE1284
G.W. WALTER (George Worley Walter)(Grandson)
Excerpt: "... John and Margaret (Kyker) Walter, the former born inWashington County, Tenn., in 1800, the son of Peter Walter, a nativeof Washington County. Peter was the son of English parents. The fatherdied in 1862, and the mother, born in 1802, died in 1864."[Transcribed 27 April 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

Peter is the oldest Walter in the Washington County, Tennessee areathat I could find on the www.Ancestry.com web site. And since Peter &Clara's marriage took place in Virginia, it's very possible that PeterWalter lived very near the Virginia boundary lines, or was travelingthrough to Tennessee, and the family may have originally been livingin the Virginia area for a short time. Also, I'd like to point outthat the only counties that I have found Walter and Fulmor/Fulmertogether has been Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Augusta County,Virginia, and Washington County, Tennessee. The Kiker family was alsoin North Carolina and originally from Bucks County, Pennsylvaniabefore settling near Peter Walter in Washington County, Tennessee.So, the "Walter" of Bucks County, Pennsylvania have also been includedfrom the early census/tax records. They are listed, but their actualrelationship cannot be ascertained properly at the present time. Agreat deal more research is required to complete this family'sgenealogy data base. [27 April, 2007, SLJuhl, compiler,sljuhl1234@yahoo.com; 3810 - 10th Avenue Place, Moline, Illinois61265]

"Rockhill Township Property and Tax Records 1779; Bucks County,Pennsylvania
Transcribed by Marjorie Erlebach March 2001;http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/rockhilltax1779.html
Name-Acres-Horses-Cattle-Servants
Peter Walter, Sen. ? 100-3-4-0
Peter Walter, Jun. ? 0-0-2-0" (no mention of being married)
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

"ROCKHILL TOWNSHIP 1783; Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Transcribe By Susan Walters;http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/rockhilltax1783.html
Amount of Tax
Peter Walter, Jun., 6. 0 (junior-married)
Peter Walter, 10. 8 (senior-married)
Jacob Walter, 12. 6 (single)"
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

"From the Washington Co [TN] will book, volume 1, 1779-1858, p 164
Peter Walter's Will
A memoran of the last Will and request of Peter Walter now deceasedwho was surprised by a very Sudden death, desired his property to bedisposed in the following manner (to wit) that his beloved wife ClaryWalter shall keep and dispose of all the real and personal propertyfor the use of herself and maintainance of her children during hernatural liife or as long as she bares his name and then to be equallydivided among his lawful children and his two boys have it in theirpower to divide the land into settlements by paying the rest of thelegatees an equal share of the same it being committed to writing thisnineteenth day August A. D. 1809, one day after his decease.
Conrad Kiker,
Margaret Kiker, her x mark
George Bible
State of Tennessee,
Washington County,
Personally came the subscribing witnesses, Conrad Kiker, MargaretKiker and George Bible before me Jacob Brown, a Justice for the Countyaforesaid and made oathe to the truth of the above instrument.
Jacob Brown, Justice of the Peace." www.RootsWeb.com, Message Boardfor Washington County, Tennessee; Posted: 3 Sep 2000 12:00PMGMT-Barbara. [Transcribed 01 June 2007, sljuhl, compiler]
Note: The two sons mentioned must be the two oldest boys, George &William Walter, because John Walter would only have been nine yearsold when his father died.

Rockingham County was formed in 1778 from
Augusta County, named for the Marquis of Rockingham, British
statesman. Peter & Clara were married in Rockingham County, 1783.

SOURCE: " U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 U.S. andInternational Marriage Records, 1560-1900; www.Ancestry.com; Obtained27 April 2007 Friday.
Name: Clara Fulmer
Gender: female
Spouse Name: Peter Walter
Spouse
Birth Place: TN
Marriage
Year: 1783
Marriage State: VA
Number Pages: 1
Source Citation: Source number: 1782.018; Source type: Family groupsheet, FGSE, listed as parents; Number of Pages: 1; Submitter Code:
Yates Publishing. U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc.,2004. Original data: This unique collection of records was extractedfrom a variety of sources including family group sheets and electronicdatabases. Originally, the information was derived from an array ofmaterials including pedigree charts, family history articles, querie."

SOURCE: "U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 U.S. andInternational Marriage Records, 1560-1900; www.Ancestry.com; Obtained27 April 2007 Friday.
Name: Peter Walter
Gender: male
Birth Place: TN
Spouse Name: Clara Fulmer
Marriage
Year: 1783
Marriage State: VA
Number Pages: 1
Source Citation: Source number: 1782.018; Source type: Family groupsheet, FGSE, listed as parents; Number of Pages: 1; Submitter Code:"

NOTE: IN THE 1840 CENSUS RECORD FOR WASHINGTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE,PETER WALTER, IS LISTED AS PETER WALTERS. " CENSUS AVAILABILITY:1810--Federal census lost for all counties except Rutherford and someof Grainger. 1820--Federal Census lost for East Tennessee, includingWashington County." (Heritage Quest Online)

SOURCE: "1840 United States Federal Census 1840 United States FederalCensus; www.Ancestry.com; Obtained 27 April 2007 Friday.
Name: Peter Walters
County: Washington
State: Tennessee
Number of persons in household:
Ages of persons in household:
Occupation information : View image
Source Citation: Year: 1840; Census Place: , Washington, Tennessee;Roll: 535; Page: 226.
Ancestry.com. 1840 United States Federal Census [database on-line].Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2004. Original data:United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Sixth Census of theUnited States, 1840. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and RecordsAdministration, 1840. M704, 580 rolls."

SOURCE: "Washington County History;http://www.rootsweb.com/~tnwashin/helps/genhelps.htm#history;Obtained: 27 April 2007; SLJuhl, compiler
Washington County, TN, originally came under the jurisdiction of NorthCarolina. In 1772 settlers living south of the Holston River, on theWatauga and Nolichucky Rivers, within the boundaries of the NorthCarolina colony, organized the Watauga Association, giving America itsfirst written constitution. In 1775 the Wataugans changed their nameto "Washington District." The main settlements in the WashingtonDistrict were Watauga, Carter's Valley, and Nolichucky.
Both the State of Franklin and North Carolina's Washington Countyclaimed the overmountain country and both had functional governmentsthat issued marriage licenses, probate wills and deeds. North Carolinaappointed Col. John Tipton as senator. The Battle of the Lost State ofFranklin in 1788 at Tipton's farm was the death knell for the State ofFranklin.
North Carolina ceded the state's western lands to the federalgovernment in 1790, forming the "Territory of the Unites States, Southof the River Ohio" (Southwest Territory). The area included all ofthat which became the state of Tennessee. President George Washingtonappointed William Blount as governor. Blount lived with the WilliamCobb family at Rocky Mount (in Sullivan County near the WashingtonCounty line) for a short time before moving to Knoxville. Census takenin 1795 indicated a population of 77,262. A vote for statehood wastaken and the State of Tennessee was admitted into the Union by theU.S. Legislature on June 1, 1796.
The settlers petitioned for annexation with North Carolina. In 1777the North Carolina legislature changed the name of Washington Districtto Washington County, NC. Included within the boundaries of the countywas most of present-day Tennessee.
Washington County, located in northeast Tennessee, is about 15 milessouth of Virginia and 10 miles north of North Carolina. The NolichuckyRiver courses through the southern end of the county, and the WataugaRiver forms the northeast boundary of the county."

All available records are kept with George Robert Walter Family ofParke County, Indiana. Please contact compiler for furtherinformation at either: sljuhl1234@yahoo.com or 3810 - 10th AvenuePlace, Moline, Illinois 61265. No living individuals information willbe given out.

*Peter married *Clara Fulmor Fulmer in 1783 in Rockingham County, Virginia Formerly A Portion Of Augusta County, Virginia. *Clara (daughter of *Ludwick Ludwig Fulmor Fulmer and Barbara ?) was born about 1776 in Possibly Pennsylvania Or Virginia; died on 1 Jan 1834 in Washington County, Tennessee. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Married:
Rockingham County was formed in 1778 from
Augusta County, named for the Marquis of Rockingham, British
statesman.

1. Mary Walter was born between 1784 and 1785 in Possibly Virginia Or District 1, Washington County, Tennessee; and died.
2. Catherine Walter was born in 1790 in Tennessee, USA; and died.
3. George Walter was born on 20 Apr 1792 in District 1, Washington County, Tennessee; died in 1875 in Washington County, Tennessee.
4. Elizabeth Walter was born in 1793 in Washington County, Tennessee; and died.
5. William Washington Walter was born in 1796 in District 1, Washington County, Tennessee; and died.
6. *John Walter was born on 28 Jul 1800 in District 1, Washington County, Tennessee; died on 8 Aug 1862 in Washington County, Tennessee; was buried in Aug 1862 in Philadelphia Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Washington County, Tennessee; Row 22/14.
7. Ann Margaret Walter was born about 1801 in Washington County, Tennessee; and died.
8. William Walters was born on 16 Aug 1806 in Washington County, Tennessee; died on 12 Aug 1890.
9. Peter Walter, Jr. was born in 1809 in District 1, Washington County, Tennessee; died in 1839 in Washington County, Tennessee.

Notes:

The first ancestor in the Pennsylvania Lutheran Tohickon Union Churchrecords that is listed as "Walter" is a Henry Walter and his wife AnnaBarbara at the baptism of their daughter in 1772. Little is known atpresent about them, but this does fit the time frame of Peter Walter'sfamily. They could certainly be related to Peter Walter. (See Below) They could be of Scotch-Irish descent or from somewhere in England orthe Palatinate area of Europe.
More research in Pennsylvania is required as yet.

LUTHERAN CONGREGATION--PENNSYLVANIA; HENRY WALTER & ANNA BARBARA childCatharine b. Aug. 29; bap. Nov. 22, 1772; page 127.
SOURCE: A history of the Tohickon Union Church, Bedminster Township,Bucks County, Pennsylvania : with copy of church records, Reformedcongregation, 1745-1869, Lutheran congregation, 1749-1840;
Authors: Hinke, William John,
City of Publication: Meadville, Pa.
Publisher: Press of the Tribune Pub. Co.
Date: 1925
Page Count: 509
Notes: "200 copies, no. 168"--T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ill., facsims. (1 folded), ports; http://www.neflin.org/srrl
[Transcribed 17 May 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]
NOTE: On page 153 of the same book in the 1790's Vollmer and Walterare listed clearly after each other for children's baptisms. Thefamilies had to have known each other fairly well. In the index ofthe book there are many Fulmer, Fullmer, Fohlmer, Folmer, Follmer,Volmer, Vollmer, Vollmar's listed along with Walter, Walder, Walther,Walters listed. It has to be more than just coincidence that PeterWalter marries Clara Fulmer, a connection of this sort must existbetween the families. It is also known that there was a good sizeGerman community in Augusta County, Virginia along with theScotch-Irish settlers."

"Rockhill Township Property and Tax Records 1779; Bucks County,Pennsylvania
Transcribed by Marjorie Erlebach March 2001;http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/rockhilltax1779.html
Name-Acres-Horses-Cattle-Servants
Peter Walter, Sen. ? 100-3-4-0
Peter Walter, Jun. ? 0-0-2-0"
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

"BEDMINSTER TOWNSHIP 1779; Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Transcribed by Laura VanSant;http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/bedminstertax1779.html
Name-Acres-Horses-Cattle-Servants
Henry Walter-0-0-2-0" (married)
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

"Tinicum Township Property and Tax Records 1779; Bucks County,Pennsylvania
Transcribed by Laurie VanSant March 2002;http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/tinicumtax1779.html
Name-Acres-Horses-Cat tle-Servants
Michael Walter, B.S.-100-2-3-0 (married)
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

"ROCKHILL TOWNSHIP 1783; Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Transcribe By Susan Walters;http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/rockhilltax1783.html
Amount of Tax
Peter Walter, Jun., 6. 0 junior-married)
Peter Walter, 10. 8 (senior-married)
Jacob Walter, 12. 6 (single)"
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

"Nockamixon Township Property and Tax Records 1786; Bucks County,Pennsylvania
http://www.rootsweb.com/~pabucks/TaxRecords/nockamixontax1786.html
(Funding Tax for 1786 for Bucks County)
Transcribed by Robert T. Scheetz February 2002
UNIMPROVED LANDS
Amount of tax
Michael Walter 1.0
[Transcribed 01 June 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

A great deal more research needs to be done on the Walter Family yet. The source information, but not all, has been included in theindividual persons notes rather than as end notes for betterclarification of the subject/s. As with all genealogy works, someimprovements may be needed and it is always a work in progress;Suggestions and sharing is always welcomed.

Peter married Wife about 1750 in Possibly Pennsylvania. and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

"Immigration to USA & Canada
Pre-1820 Approximately 650,000 individuals of all nationalitiesarrived in America before 1820. Most were English and Welsh. Smallernumbers of German, Irish, Scotch-Irish, Dutch, French, Spanish,African, and other nationalities also arrived. These immigrants tendedto settle in the eastern, middle-Atlantic, and southern states. BeforeJanuary 1, 1820, the U.S. Federal Government did not require captainsor masters of vessels to present a passenger list to U.S. officials.The lists that remain for the period before 1820 are varied incontent. They range from name only lists to giving the person's fullname, age, and country of origin." www.olivetree.com

SURNAME: "Walter
Usage: English, German
Extra: Statistics
Derived from the first name Walter."http://www.behindthename.com/php/search.php?terms=walter

SURNAME: "WALTER
Gender: Masculine
Usage: English, German, Scandinavian, Polish
Pronounced: WAWL-tur (English), VAHL-ter (German, Polish) [key]
From a Germanic name meaning "ruler of the army", composed of theelements wald "rule" and heri "army". A famous bearer of this name wasSir Walter Scott, a Scottish novelist who wrote 'Ivanhoe' and othernotable works."http://www.behindthename.com/php/search.php?terms=walter

One thing we do know about the family is that they were in Americafrom early times in the 1700's at least if not earlier. At this pointin the research, it can only be surmised about the families originsand histories.
NOTE: It is curious however, that in Peter Walter's great grandsonsbiography, George Worley Walter, it is mentioned that Peter Walter'sparents were of English origin. One other thing that did take placewas an early migration of many Scotish and English protestants who hadended up in Ulster, Ireland due to the churches early religiouspersecutions and for various other reasons; From Ulster, NorthernIreland, many ancestors found passage to the Americas. SLJuhl,compiler.

Early History of "Walter" before America:
"THE SCOTCH-IRISH OR THE SCOT IN NORTH BRITAIN, NORTH IRELAND, ANDNORTH AMERICA"
Chapter's XXV and XXVI
Chap. XXV Title:" FROM BRUCE TO FLODDEN"
"King Robert Bruce was succeeded by his son David, then a boy sevenyears of age, who was crowned at Scone November 24, 1331." Severalpowerful Lords fought for the Regency. Para. three: "... in 1338, andwas succeeded by the High Steward of Scotland, a son of King RobertBruce's daughter Marjory, and a WALTER, the sixth Steward (A cousin toKing David)." Para. five: "In 1346, King David assembled an army atPerth, and, marching south of the Border, fought the English nearDurham on October 17th. In this battle the Scots were defeated, andmost of their leaders captured--including the King among the number;BUT THE STEWARD (WALTER) ESCAPED WITH A PORTION OF HIS ARMY."
Source: Family Tree Maker, CD276 Scotch-Irish Settlers in America,1500s-1800s, The Scotch-Irish, Volume I, Chapter XXV, From Bruce toFlodden, MyFamily.com, Inc., May 29, 2007. Copies of both chaptersare kept in the Walter Family Book. The chapters, XXV and XXVI,discuss Scotland's history and the reasons in Scotland for theReformation movement which lead to the Ireland and Americamigrations."

"The Migration From Scotland-Ireland To America
B. Isabel Lockard gives a descriptive story of the early immigrants ofScotch-Irish descent to America in her book, Joseph Washington McCoy1766-1840 of Coshocton County, Ohio, and then Cecil Woodham Smith(1962, p. 207) in his account, About the Migration of the Scotch-Irishto America wrote a slightly different account. See below forcomparison.
By, B. Isabel Lockard: ?Simon M. Lockhart (1976, p.1) reported, ??Hostilities between England, Scotland, and Ireland continued forcenturies. When James VI, son of Mary, Queen of Scots, became JamesI, King of England, in 1603, many things changed. English became theofficial language. The king ordered Scotland, as in England, only thenew English, King James Version of the Bible was to be read in thechurches. When he went to London, King James also moved to break therule of the Celtic Chiefs in Ulster. To this end he confiscated theirlands and offered territory to his English and former Scottish (nowBritish) subjects if they would immigrate to Ulster. Because numerouspirates who fell on the ships in those waters plagued the Irish Sea,it was dangerous passage for the English, but the Scots were closer toUlster, only 20 miles across the Northern tip of the Irish Sea. Forcenturies the Scots had traded, fought, and intermarried with thepeople in Ulster. The Scots were also more poverty-stricken than theEnglish, and seeking religious freedom, which they lacked at home, sixtimes as many Presbyterian Lowland Scots as English, in all 200,000,set sail for Ulster. In Ulster the new arrivals transformed theregion from a backward province to the most prosperous part ofIreland. But it was not a peaceful settlement. They evidently were abelligerent bunch and the Scots they left behind regarded them as Goodriddance. It was said that when they arrived in Ireland the Scotsfell on their knees and prayed to the Lord, and then they fell on thenatives and preyed on them. The newcomers were isolated, partly bytheir language, and their settlements became walled fortresses at warwith Gaelic-speaking Irish.
About 100 years later, with rising rents, poor crops, and religiousdiscrimination, conditions had deteriorated. The Ulster Scots, orScotch-Irish as they came to be known, began a second move. In the1720?s about 50,000 sailed to America. By 1776, it is estimated thatalmost half the Ulster population had crossed the Atlantic, and thatone in seven of the colonists was Scotch-Irish. Philadelphia becamethe main entry port for these immigrants. At first they were welcomedfor their frontier toughness, and it was hoped they could keep theFrench and Indians at bay. James Logan, the state secretary ofPennsylvania, granted a tract of land to a group of Scotch-Irish toestablish the frontier town of Donegal. It didn?t work out and thenewcomers moved on farther west. Some went on through the CumberlandGap.
About the migration of the Scotch-Irish to America, Cecil WoodhamSmith (1962, p. 207) wrote a slightly different account: during theeighteenth century emigration from Ireland was on a small scale: itis doubtful if the numbers exceeded 5,000 in any one season. Theemigrants came mainly from Ulster, they were Presbyterian small farmerof Scottish descent, and not paupers; they took some capital andexperience with them and their motive was to better their lot. Duringthis period emigration was not easy, all arrangements had to be madeby the emigrant himself, who traveled to the port and bargainedpersonally for his passage with the captain of the ship in which hewished to sail.
Later on, in the Revolutionary War, the Scotch-Irish became the shocktroops, and according to one British general, accounted for half therebel army (Americans). George Washington is said to have regardedthese troops highly, and to have remarked that ?with these men? hewould make his ?last stand for liberty.?
Taken from the pages of the above named book, p. 17-18."
[Transcribed 29 May 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

The Term: Scotch-Irish
Who are the Scotch-Irish, and what does the term mean?
"The term "Scotch-Irish" is an Americanism, generally unknown inScotland and Ireland, and rarely used by British historians. InAmerican usage, it refers to people of Scottish descent who, havinglived for a time in the north of Ireland, migrated in considerablenumbers to the American colonies in the eighteenth century." TheScotch-Irish, A Social History, pg. i - James G. Leyburn.

The "plantation" of Ulster, in northern Ireland, with Scottishimmigrants, took place from roughly 1606 through 1700. The "GreatMigration" of Scotch-Irish to America took place from 1717 through1776. An estimated 200-250,000 Scotch-Irish migrated to America duringthis period. The period of the "Great Migration" of Scotch-Irish tookplace at approximately the same time as the German Palatine migration.
It is believed that, at the time of the Revolution, they comprised10-15% of the population of the United States. Their negative feelingstoward England played no small part in the emotion of the "stew" thatled to the American Revolution.
Although there is evidence of the use of this term, or others, (UlsterIrish, Northern Irish, Irish Presbyterians) to differentiate theScotch/Irish immigrants from other citizens of America, it is believedto have generally fallen into non-use by the 1840's, wherever it hadbeen used. The use of the term "Irish" in the United States up to thattime usually meant Scotch-Irish, as the Catholic Irish simply had notbeen a major immigrating force until that time.
All that changed, however, with the potato famine and the resultingcrunch of the greatest immigration America has ever experienced, fromthe southern regions of Ireland. An estimated 2 million Irishmen,mostly Catholic, and mostly from the southern parts of Ireland,immigrated to America during the period 1846-1856. They were poor.They congregated in the cities in which they landed in ghettoclusters. They were Catholic. They would work for next to nothingwhile native born American workers saw jobs threatened and the declineof value in their own labor. The Irish, as many new classes ofimmigrants are in a new country, were not looked on favorably by thegeneral population.
This caused a renewal in the resident population of Scotch-IrishAmericans to identify themselves in such a manner that they would notbe thrown in the same "class" of citizenry as the new, Catholic, Irishimmigrants. Thus, a renewal in the use of the term Scotch-Irish.
It is a useful term to the family historian as the Scotch-Irish peopleare definitely a different class of immigrant than the southern,Catholic Irish; nor, can they be thrown in the same pot as theirScottish brethren. "..the Scots who lived in Ulster before they cameto America simply were not, in background, religion, and many otheraspects of culture, identical with the Irish of the southern provincesof Leinster, Munster, and Connaught; neither were they, after manydecades, any longer identical with the people of Scotland." TheScotch-Irish, A Social History, pg. 333 - James G. Leyburn.
Time-Line of the Scotch-Irish History
Before 1603 - - Background: For centuries, England had triedrepeatedly and constantly to subdue the island of Ireland and theIrish had stubbornly resisted. There had been attempts over the yearsto transplant English settlers to Ireland in an attempt to"infiltrate" and/or "control" the Irish people and their society, butthese had failed. By 1603, the problem was even more acute:
? From a financial standpoint, Ireland was a drain on the treasury ofEngland.
? Ireland was one of the areas in Europe where the Catholic faith heldsteady while Protestantism had spread across much of the continent andeven into England and Scotland. Aside from the missionary goal ofconverting the Irish was the real consideration of not having aneighbor that might hold a religion in common with its enemies.
? In the closing years of the 1500's, England had sent a 20,000 manarmy to Ireland to quell an uprising. After an initial failure, thecommander was replaced by a man named Lord Mountjoy, who wasparticularly ruthless. He destroyed all the food, houses, and cattlehe could find. Starvation in their bellies and defeats on thebattlefields finally made the Irish submit to England, again, just asQueen Elizabeth lay dieing in 1603.
An area that had been hit hard during this destruction was the north,the "kingdom" of Ireland called Ulster, consisting of nine counties.
In the meantime, in Scotland, times were never all that good, but theturn of the century saw the typical Scottish farmer in dire straits.The western coast of Scotland is only 20-30 miles from the Ulstercoast.
Thus, the scene was set for a series of developments leading to:
? Ireland being carved into two pieces causing disharmony and discordto this day.
? A "double emigration" from Scotland: to Ireland and then to theUnited States of hundreds of thousands of immigrants we have come toknow as the Scotch-Irish.
? 1603.. Elizabeth I dies and James VI, King of Scotland, becomes KingJames I of England
1606.. The first Ulster colonies are settled. Ironically, by privateentrepreneurs, and Scottish at that. Some Scottish entrepreneurs hadcome up with the idea of acquiring some land and transplanting theirown countrymen to farm them. These beginning colonies were successfuland word quickly spread back to Scotland.
1607.. King James I declared that the land held by the defeated Irishrebel leaders, who had fled to the continent, was reverted to theCrown. This legal action was over-reaching, but when you're the King,what the heck. King James I took control of 3,000,000 acres of Ulsterland.
1609.. James I inform the Privy Council of Scotland: "the King.. outof his unspeakable love and tender affection for his Scottishsubjects, has decided that they will be allowed to participate in thisgreat adventure". Remember, James I, becoming King of England in 1603,had already been King of Scotland for 35 years before that (he wascrowned the King of Scotland when he was one year old.)
1620.. An estimated 50,000 Scottish (and some English) settlers arenow in northern Ireland (Ulster).
1625.. King James I died and his son Charles I was crowned King. KingJames I was a definitely pro-Anglican and anti-Presbyterian, but atleast he was somewhat of a politician about trying to convert theScots to the more traditional Church of England. Charles I, however,had no tact, he tried to force the Anglican church down the throats ofthe Scottish people and deprive them of their Presbyterianism. (Thisis the same climate that led to the first flight of Puritans to foundthe Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.)
1637.. King Charles required changes in the churches of Scotland tomore closely resemble the Church of England. The Scottish people ariseand overthrow the episcopacy that Charles I has tried to implement.Presbyterianism in Scotland survived.
1640.. An estimated 100,000 Scottish (and some English) settlers arenow in northern Ireland (Ulster).
1642.. England is now in a Civil War, principally over the religiousissues of the day: Puritanism versus the Church of England. The Scotsare on the fringes of this war. They favor the more like-mindedPuritans, but, after all, Charles I is still a Scot.
1642.. The Catholics in Ireland rebel against the north. Estimates ofthe deaths in this uprising vary, but many thousands die. Theemigration of Scots to Ireland drops off.
1650.. The English Civil War ends with Oliver Cromwell responsible forthe beheading of King Charles I. Then, he invaded Scotland ,conquering the Scots at Dunbar. He then set out to crush the Scottishspirit.
1650.. Meanwhile, back in Ireland, the Irish rebellion went on for tenlong years, until Cromwell came from England in 1650 and crushed therebellion. He took neither side, however. He killed both Catholics andPresbyterians alike to let them know that England was in charge andwouldn't take disobedience from either side. He was particlularlycruel and viscious during his campaigns.
Whether the ends justify the means or not, at least peace did followCromwell's "policing action". The immigration of Scots Ireland nowresume in 1650.
1653.. Cromwell ordered venerated leaders of their church driven fromtheir places of meeting by English soldiers and led like criminalsthrough the streets of Edinburgh.
1660.. The Puritan Cromwell dies and Charles II resumes the crown.Here we go again, a pro-Anglican as head of the country. As bad astimes were for the Scots under Cromwell, worse times were ahead.During the 1660's, the Scottish suffered through what is called the"killing times", as the English tried again to force the Church ofEngland down the throats of the Scots. This was the time of the riseof the term "covenanter", those Scots that, in effect, were guerillasfighting against the English landlords.
We have an example of the "killing times" that has been passed down inour family. A fourteen year old girl was arrested because of herfailure to give allegiance to the English King in a way that connotedhis being head of the church. This fourteen year old girl was orderedto DEATH BY DROWNING for refusing. This is how cruel things weregetting over there at that time.
Emigration from Scotland to Ireland increased with the killing times.
1679.. The Covenanters (protestant rebels) are decisively defeated atthe Battle of Bothwell Bridge in Scotland.
1690.. The King of England, William of Orange soundly defeats James IIat the Battle of Boyne in Ireland. William is staunchly protestant,James is Catholic. This assures the continuation of the protestantIrish of the north, most Scottish descendants, to continue theirprotestant faith.
A result of of the English victory at the Battle of Boyne isreponsible for the last wave of immigrants from Scotland to England inthe last decade of the 1600's. An estimated 50,000 Scots leaveScotland for northern Ireland.
1717.. The Exodus of the Scotch-Irish from Ulster to America nowbegins in earnest. Five thousand Ulstermen leave for America thatyear. Between 1717 and the American Revolution, approximately aquarter of a million Scotch-Irish will leave Ireland for America.Approximately 100 years after the original Ulster plantations havebeen planted they have succeeded... and they have also failed. In 100years, Ulster had been transformed from a totally obliteratedlandscape to a respectable area with an economy that produced goods.Plagued by high rents, four years of drought, English import/exportpolicies, and the religious factor thrown in (although religion wasn'ta prime motivating factor in the Scotch/Irish migration as it was,say, with the Puritans.), many Scots look for a better life inAmerica.
It is interesting to note that even though the Catholic Irish enduredmany of the same hardships as their Northern counterparts, theCatholic Irish did not participate in this Exodus. The emigration was99% Protestant, Ulster-Scots leaving for the America's. Although therewere Catholic Irish who fled to other Catholic countries, principallyFrance and Spain.
1776.. The American Revolution marks the end of this immigration era.Approximately 200-250,000 thousand Scotch-Irish have immigrated toAmerica since 1717. There are more than that by 1776. If one is toassume the doubling of a population every 30 years, and a ratable rateof immigration, one could expect the Scotch-Irish numbered perhaps10-25% of the 2 1/4 million Americans in 1776. At the time of theRevolution, the Scotch-Irish comprised the second largest ethnic groupin America after the English, and ahead of the Germans.
(PS. As you do your census work, you may see the results of a studydone by the census bureau by categorizing names based on where thename "might" have come from in estimating the ethnic make-up of the1790 census. That study is a joke. Pay no attention to it. (How canone look at a Scottish name and tell if it is Scottish orScotch-Irish? Or look at Smith or Taylor and tell what nationality itis?).
One parting word. All of the above history speaks in terms ofgeneralities. As we family historians try to discover and unlock thesecrets of the past of our individual ancestors, there are alwaysindividual exceptions to account for. There were English settlers innorthern Ireland. There were French Huguenots (the French protestantrebels, "roughly" equivalent to the Puritans in England and theCovenanters in Scotland) in northern Ireland. There were GermanPalatine refugees in northern Ireland. There were refugees from otherparts of the world to Ireland, as well, at various times.
My recommendation is to not worry about the actual blood line of yourancestry, but to appreciate the historical significance of the aboveevents that your ancestor lived through, no matter how he or she gotthere. (e.g. your ancestor passing through Scotland for a generationor two, or three, or four, was simply one more stop on thegenealogical chain of your past, just as significant as two or threegenerations of your ancestors living in Ohio in the 1800's.)"[Transcribed 29 May 2007, SLJuhl, compiler]

A great deal more research needs to be done on the Walter Family yet.To contact the compiler:
SLJuhl1234@yahoo.com; 3810 - 10th Avenue Place, Moline, Illinois 61265(niece of George Robert Walter). No information on living individualswill be given out without their permission.
All available records are kept with the family of, George RobertWalter Family of 5273 East Sycamore Street, Rockville, Parke County,Indiana 47872-9595. A great deal of the source information, but notall, has been included in the individual persons notes of thisregister report rather than as end notes mainly for betterclarification of the subject/s. As with all genealogy works, someimprovements may be needed and it is always a work in progress. Asalways, suggestions and sharing is always welcomed.