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Temple Newsam (historically Temple Newsham), is a Tudor-Jacobean house
in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, with grounds landscaped by Capability
Brown.
The estate lends its name to the Temple Newsam ward of Leeds City
Council, in which it is situated, and lies to the east of the city, just
south of Halton Moor, Halton, Whitkirk and Colton. It is one of nine
sites in the Leeds Museums & Galleries group.
The house is a Grade I listed building, defined as a "building of
outstanding or national architectural or historic interest". The stables
are Grade II* listed ("particularly significant buildings of more than
local interest"), and ten separate features of the estate are Grade II
listed ("buildings of special architectural or historic interest"),
including the Sphinx Gates and the Barn. Temple Newsam House is one of
Leeds Museums and Galleries sites. It is also part of the research
group, Yorkshire Country House Partnership.
In 1537 Thomas, Lord Darcy was executed for the part he played in the
Pilgrimage of Grace and the property was seized by the Crown. In 1544
Henry VIII gave it to his niece Lady
Margaret Douglas (Countess of Lennox) as a wedding present, and she lived there with her
husband Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. Their son Henry Stuart,
Lord Darnley, who was born in the house in 1545 and educated there,
married Mary, Queen of Scots, by whom he was the father of King James VI
of Scotland and I of England. A portrait of Henry and his brother was
probably intended to represent the interior of Temple Newsam despite
being based on a print of an ideal interior. Following the marriage in
1565, Temple Newsam was seized by Queen Elizabeth I and was managed by
an agent.
In 1609 King James I, successor to Elizabeth, granted the estate to his
Franco-Scottish second cousin Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox
(1574–1624), who was a favourite of the King and given many titles and
estates, including farmland and coalmines in the local area. Despite his
opportunities, Ludovic was in constant debt and he mortgaged the estate
in 1614 for the sum of £9,000 (around £860,000 in today's money). In
1622 Lennox began the sale the estate to Sir Arthur Ingram (c. 1565 –
1642), a Yorkshire-born London merchant, civil servant, investor in
colonial ventures and arms dealer, for £12,000, which he paid in two
instalments, the last in July 1624, after Lennox's death. During the
next 20 years the mansion was rebuilt, incorporating some of the
previous house in the west wing. The north and south wings were rebuilt
and the east wing was demolished after a bad fire in 1635. Arthur's son,
also called Arthur, inherited the estate and continued the building and
renovation work. |
